Key Feature Of Sixth Generation Jets
A sixth-generation jet fighter is a conceptualized class of fighter aircraft design more advanced than the fifth-generation jet fighters that are currently in development. Several countries have announced the development of a sixth-generation aircraft program, including the United States, China, United Kingdom, Russia, Japan, Germany, and France.
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Countries developing Sixth-generation jet fighter must avoid the following mistakes made with the Fifth-generation jet fighter
We may say conceptualized class of fighter aircraft design more advanced than the fifth-generation jet fighters. United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan are all in early planning stages for a so-called "sixth generation" of fighter jets. Technology Revolutions Should Enable Ten Times the Production of the Prior Generation. Improved jet engines are key to longer range sixth gen fighter and improved F35. Improved jet engines are key to longer range sixth gen fighter and improved F35. Aviation Week's Bill Sweetman noted that Lockheed Martin 'labeled the F-35 a “fifth-generation” fighter in 2005, a term it borrowed from Russia in 2004 to describe the F-22', and proposes that the post–Cold War era, low-cost approach of the Saab Gripen should qualify it as a sixth generation jet. The Ministry of Defence hopes the Tempest will be flying by 2035, alongside the RAF's fleet of F-35Bs. Announcing the programme, Gavin Williamson said: 'It shows our allies that we are open to working together to protect the skies in an increasingly threatening future - and this concept model is just a glimpse into what the future could look like.
The 5th generation of jet fighters seemed so focused on stealth and BVR (beyond visual range) combat, that they are willing to sacrifice WVR (within visual range) performance and affordability. This is similar to the 3rd generation fighters, where powerful engines and guided missiles were thought to render the concept of dogfighting obsolete. The Vietnam air war proved this to be wrong, and 4th generation fighters like the F-15 and F-16 were designed to be just as good up close as far away.
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6th generation fighters should be stealthy, but not have to rely on their stealth exclusively. They should be just as deadly in a tight dogfight as they are from hundreds of kilometres away.
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They should be multi-role aircraft, able to take out enemy air cover as easily as enemy ground targets.
They should be deployable enough to fly to an emerging “hot spot” at a moments notice.
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Most importantly, a 6th generation fighter should be affordable. There is little point in having a cutting edge uber-fighter if it is too expensive to build, too expensive to fly, or so overly complicated that it never gets out of development.
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For several decades air power theorists have forecast a transition to crewless combat jets which won’t have to bear the added weight and risk to life and limb necessitated by a human pilot. Sixth Generation should have optionally-manned aircraft that can fly with or without a pilot onboard. Optional-manning may help Airforce in deploying aircraft on high-risk missions without risking pilots’ lives.
New technology is great, but not every system has to be a radical quantum leap ahead of previous systems. Off-the-shelf technology should be used whenever possible, and thought should be given to future maintenance and upgrade needs.
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The following Fifth-generation jet fighter technologies should be used in a Sixth-generation jet fighter with modification
The various Sixth-Generation concepts mostly feature many of the same technologies.
Two critical characteristics of Fifth-Generation fighters will remain centrally important to the Sixth: stealthy airframes and long-range missiles.
Thus, low radar cross-sections and radar-absorbent materials will be necessary, but not sufficient, a feature of sixth-generation fighters. Some theorists argue that stealthy airframes may eventually be rendered obsolete by advanced sensor technology—and stealthy airframes can’t be upgraded as easily as avionics and weapons. Therefore, jamming, electronic warfare, and infrared obscuring defenses will also rise in importance.
Beyond-visual-range missiles will remain a key technology in Sixth-generation jet fighter
The F-35 has pioneered sophisticated Helmet Mounted Displays that can see ‘through’ the airframe for superior situational awareness, display key instrument data, and target missiles via a Helmet Mounted Sight (although that last technology is decades old). Though these helmets currently have significant teething issues, they will likely become a standard feature in future Sixth-generation jet fighter, possibly supplanting cockpit instrument panels. Voice-activated command interfaces may also ease the hefty task-load expected of fighter pilots.
One of the F-35’s key innovations is its ability to soak up sensor data and share it via datalinks to friendly forces, creating a composite ‘picture.’ This could allow a stealth aircraft to ride point and ferret out adversaries, while friendly forces maneuver into advantageous positions and sling missiles from further back without even turning on their radars. Because this tactic promises to be such a force multiplier, fused sensors and cooperative engagement will become a standard feature of sixth-generation jets—and the fusion will likely be deepened by integrating satellite and even drones deployed alongside jet fighters.
Conclusion
Sixth-generation fighter programs remain strictly conceptual today, especially given the enormous expenses and effort devoted to working out the kinks in the Fifth-Generation.
At the earliest, sixth-generation fighters may crop up in the 2030s or 2040s—by which time concepts in air warfare will likely have evolved yet again.
Jet fighters generations are categories created to separate major technology leaps in the historical development of jet fighters. The term generation first appeared in the 1990s, according to the Royal Australian Air Force's Air Power Development Centre Bulletin: 'to make sense of the leap-frogging improvements in performance to jet fighter aircraft brought about through major advances in aircraft design, avionics, and weapon systems'.[1] and proposes that a 'generational shift in jet fighter aircraft occurs when a technological innovation cannot be incorporated into an existing aircraft through upgrades' and retrofits.[1]
Lockheed Martin has applied the term 'fifth-generation' for its F-22 and F-35 aircraft, to imply their competition is unable to offer similar levels of performance, a classification debated by Eurofighter,[2] and by Boeing IDS for the bid to replace Canadian Forces jets.[3]Aviation Week's Bill Sweetman noted that Lockheed Martin 'labeled the F-35 a “fifth-generation” fighter in 2005, a term it borrowed from Russia in 2004 to describe the F-22', and proposes that the post–Cold War era, low-cost approach of the Saab Gripen should qualify it as a sixth generation jet.[4] This marketing terminology made its way to statements by the Australian politicians.[5]
Definitions[edit]
Richard P. Hallion[edit]
USAF historian Richard P. Hallion proposed a classification in 1990:[6]
- 1. High subsonic (1943–50): 'little aerodynamic difference from the last generation of propeller-driven fighters. First- and second-generation turbojets; wood, fabric, and all-metal construction; optical gunsights; straight wing and straight tail. Mechanical control systems. Primitive ejection seats. Mach 0.75-0.85.' Me 262, Gloster Meteor, P-80, DH Vampire, Yak-15, MiG-9, Saab 21R, F-84 Thunderjet, F9F Panther, Dassault Ouragan, DH Venom.
- 2.Transonic (1947–55): 'Second-generation turbojets; radar gunsights; swept wings; generally have adjustable horizontal stabilizers. Early hydromechanical flight control systems. Mach 0.90-1.05.' F-86, F-84 Thunderstreak, F9F Cougar, MiG-15, MiG-17, Hawker Hunter, Dassault Mystère IV.
- 3. Early supersonic (1953–60): 'Swept wings, all-moving tails, radar gunsights, introduction of air-to-air missile armament. Third-generation turbojet engines. Early stability augmentation technology. Generally adaptable for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. Mach 1.3.' MiG-19, F-100, F-8.
- 4. Supersonic (limited purpose) (1955–70): 'Supersonic aerodynamics, especially area ruling; fourth-generation turbojets; radar for search and fire control. Overreliance on air-to-air missiles based on unrealistic expectations. Mach 2.0.' F-104, early model MiG-21, English Electric Lightning, early model Mirage III.
- 5. Supersonic (multirole) (1958–80): 'Refined supersonic aerodynamic design, including canards and variable geometry wings; fourth- and fifth-generation engines; stability augmentation; mixed-gun air-to-air missile (AAM) armament; terrain-following radar for low-level high-speed flight; radar search and fire control; infrared sensors; heads up displays (HUD); laser ranging and targeting; wide range of air-to-surface missiles, bombs, and rockets, including precision-guided munitions. Mach 1.4-2.5.' F-105, F-4, late-model MiG-21, late-model Mirage III, F-5, F-111, Mirage V, Su-24, MiG-23, MiG-27, SEPECAT Jaguar, Mirage F1, Kfir.
- 6. Supersonic multirole, high efficiency (1974–present[1990]): 'Combined the characteristics of the fifth-generation fighters with advances in propulsion, radar (multiple target track-while-scan, look-down/shoot-down), sensor, and electronic flight control technology to generate highly maneuverable, highly agile aircraft that can be swing-roled for air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. Fifth- or sixth-generation gas-turbine engines; engine thrust-to-weight ratios in excess of one; ability to attain supersonic speeds without afterburning; sustained high-G flight, and controllability below 70 knots at angles of attack exceeding 70 degrees. High degree of energy efficiency. Mix of cannon and missile armament, coupled with diverse air-to-ground weaponry. Mach 1.8-2.5.' F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, Mirage 2000, Panavia Tornado, MiG-29, Su-27.
Aerospaceweb[edit]
In 2004 the website Aerospaceweb noted that classification by generations, 'appears to have first appeared in Russia during the mid-1990s when officials were planning a competitor to the American Joint Strike Fighter' and proposed a classification :[7]
- 1. 1945 to 1955, similar in capability to piston-engined fighter, thrust limited early jet engines, subsonic, rare radars, conventional armament (guns, bombs, rockets) : Me 262, F-86, MiG-15, etc.
- 2. 1955 to 1960, supersonic in level flight, radar, first air-to-air missiles : F-102, F-104, F-105, F-106, MiG-19, MiG-21, Gloster Javelin, Dassault Mirage III, Saab Draken
- 3. 1960 to 1970, multi-purpose fighter-bombers : F-4, F-5, F-8, MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, Su-15, Su-17/20/22, British Aerospace Harrier, Mirage F1, Super Etendard, J-8II, Yak-38
- 4. 1970 to 1990, emphasizing maneuverability rather than speed : F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18, AV-8B, MiG-29, MiG-31, Su-27, Su-33, Yak-141, Panavia Tornado, Mirage 2000, Viggen, Mitsubishi F-2, AIDC Ching-Kuo, Chengdu J-10
- 4.5. 1990 to 2000, enhanced capabilities, advanced avionics, limited Stealth technology characteristics : F/A-18E/F, Su-30, Su-34, Su-35, Mig-35, Eurofighter Typhoon, Saab Gripen, Dassault Rafale
- 5. 2000-, advanced integrated avionics, low observable 'stealth' techniques : F-22, F-35
Similar definitions are used by Richard A. Bitzinger in 2009,[8] and by the Australian Fighter World Aviation Museum.[9]
Air Force Magazine[edit]
In 2009, Air Force Magazine also define fighter generations and proposed a sixth :[10]
- 1. Jet propulsion : F-80, Me 262
- 2. Swept wings; range radar; infrared missiles : F-86, MiG-15
- 3. Supersonic, pulse radar, Beyond-visual-range missiles : Century Series, F-105, F-4, MiG-17, MiG-21
- 4. Pulse-doppler radar; high maneuverability; look-down/shoot-down missiles : F-15, F-16, Mirage 2000, MiG-29.
- 4+. High agility; sensor fusion; reduced radar signature : Eurofighter Typhoon, Su-30, F/A-18E/F, Rafale
- 4++. Active electronically scanned arrays; continued reduced signatures or “active” (waveform canceling) stealth technology, supercruise : Su-35, proposed F-15SE
- 5. All-aspect stealth with internal weapons bays, extreme agility, full-sensor fusion, integrated avionics, some or full supercruise : F-22, F-35.
The magazine also proposes a 6th category for advanced aircraft in early developmental stages:
Key Feature Of Sixth Generation Jets Full
- 6: Extreme stealth, morphing capability, smart skins, highly networked, extremely sensitive sensors, optionally manned, directed energy weapons.
Key Feature Of Sixth Generation Jets Youtube
Jim Winchester[edit]
Jim Winchester, in a book published in 2011 by The Rosen Publishing Group, proposed the following definitions:[11][citation not found]
Key Feature Of Sixth Generation Jets Game
- 1. 1942–1950. from World War II to the Korean War, similar construction to their propeller driven fighter, 1st and 2nd generation turbojets : Me 262, Gloster Meteor, MiG 15, F-86
- 2. 1950–1965. onboard radar, infrared homingmissiles
- 3. 1965–1975. look-down/shoot-down, RF air-to-air missiles, Terrain awareness and warning systems, Air-to-surface missiles with electro-optical guidance (e.g. AGM-65 Maverick), laser-guided bombs : F-4
- 4. 1975–2005. relaxed stability by fly-by-wire, digital computers, Active electronically scanned array, Infra-red search and track : F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18
- 4+, 4++. 1986- high capacity. Air Power Development Centre Bulletin. Royal Australian Air Force. January 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-03-22.
- ^'What is a 5th generation fighter'(PDF). Eurofighter World. February 2010. p. 16. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-11-02. (archive date inferred from archive URL)
- ^Daniel Leblanc (18 October 2013). 'War heats up between Lockheed Martin and Boeing in bid to replace jets'. 'The Globe and Mail'.
- ^Bill Sweetman (24 March 2014). 'Is Saab's New Gripen The Future Of Fighters?'. 'Aviation Week & Space Technology'.
- ^'The F-35 JSF: what is a fifth-generation fighter aircraft?'. 'The Conversation' Australia. 30 April 2014.
- ^Dr Richard P. Hallion (Winter 1990), Air Force Fighter Acquisition since 1945, 'Air Power Journal', archived from the original on 2016-12-11, retrieved 2012-02-07
- ^Joe Yoon (27 June 2004). 'Fighter Generations'. Aerospaceweb.
- ^Richard A. Bitzinger, ed. (2009). The Modern Defense Industry: Political, Economic, and Technological Issues. Praeger. p. 307.
- ^'Five Generations of Jets'. Fighter World Aviation Museum, Australia.
- ^John A. Tirpak (October 2009). 'The Sixth Generation Fighter'. 'Air Force Magazine'. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^Jim Winchester (December 15, 2011). James Bennett (ed.). Jet Fighters Inside & Out. Weapons of War. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 5, 83. ISBN978-1448859825.
- ^'Does China's J-20 rival other stealth fighters?'. China Power. CSIS. Retrieved 30 April 2017.