Applicable Products

  • Citrix ADC
  • Citrix Gateway
  • NetScaler Gateway
  • NetScaler
  1. Openssl genrsa -des3 -out private.pem 2048 That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provide and writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You will use this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it can only be read with the private key.
  2. When a key is generated with openssl genrsa, the encryption is selected with a command line argument such as -aes128. After the key is generated, we can see what encryption was used in the file.

Oct 16, 2019  Encrypt the key file using openssl rsautl. Encrypt the data using openssl enc, using the generated key from step 1. Package the encrypted key file with the encrypted data. The recipient will need to decrypt the key with their private key, then decrypt the data with the resulting key. The most secure RSA private key is one that is generated on an unconnected system in a electrically shielded atomic bunker, which is blown up using a large fusion bomb put within the bunker immediately after generating the key pair. Availability: zero, access: zero, lifetime: zero. Usefulness: zero. Apr 06, 2020  Create a function to allow an application user to get the public key and encrypt a “secret”. In this case the user can not run keyringkeyfetch (they don’t have permission) so the function runs the SQL SECURITY as the DEFINER (root in this case).This function will only return this public key (by extracting it from the private key on the keyring).

Jul 03, 2019  Demonstration of using OpenSSL to create RSA public/private key pair, sign and encrypt messages using those keys and then decrypt and verify the received messages. Commands used: openssl. C: Openssl bin openssl.exe x509 -req -days 3650 -in myrequest.csr -signkey myencryptedkey.key -out mycert.crt (Optional) You may now delete the request file, as it is no longer needed. The resulting encrypted private key file and public certificate file can now be used with EFT Server.

Objective

Citrix Gateway, formerly Citrix NetScaler Unified Gateway

This article describes how to decrypt private key using OpenSSL on NetScaler.

Background

When a private key is encrypted with a passphrase, you must decrypt the key to use it to decrypt the SSL traffic in a network protocol analyzer such as Wireshark.

To identify whether a private key is encrypted or not, view the key using a text editor or command line. If it is encrypted, then the text ENCRYPTED appears in the first line.

Example:

Instructions

You can use any of the following procedure to decrypt the private key using OpenSSL:

Decrypting the Private Key from the Command Line Interface

To decrypt the private key from the command line interface, complete the following procedure:

  1. Log on to the NetScaler Appliance through Putty or any SSH client (which can be downloaded from internet). Open the shell prompt on the appliance:
    > shell
    Copyright (c) 1992-2013 The FreeBSD Project.
    Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
    The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
    root@abc#

  2. Run the following command to open the /nsconfig/ssl directory where the Keys, CSR, and Certificates are stored:
    cd /nsconfig/ssl

  3. Run the following command to decrypt the private key:
    openssl rsa -in <Encrypted key filename> -out < desired output file name>

    Example:
    openssl rsa -in enc.key -out dec.key
    Enter pass phrase for enc.key: -> Enter password and hit return
    writing RSA key
    #cat dec.key
    -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIBOgIBAAJBAMSREjcq8SgzJmMcmObnMMHLYOdslNFwJImuMDG+L/ED5qOJ/oah
    --
    --
    -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    root@NS_1#

    Note that, it does not state ENCRYPTED anymore.

Decrypting the Private Key from the Graphical User Interface

To decrypt the private key from the Graphical User Interface (GUI), complete the following procedure:

  1. Select the SSL node from the Configuration utility.

  2. Click the OpenSSL interface link, as shown in the following screen shot:

    An OpenSSL Interface Window appears, as shown in the following screen shot:

  3. Enter the password for the key <PEM passphrase> that you have entered while creating the key.

  4. Run the following command to verify the RSA key:
    rsa -in /nsconfig/ssl/<decrypted keyname> -check


The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands, each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments. Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their arguments and have a -config option to specify that file. The environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify the location of the configuration file. If the environment variable is not specified, a default file is created in the default certificate storage area called openssl.cnf. The settings in this default configuration file depend on the flags set when the version of OpenSSL being used was built.

This article is an overview of the available tools provided by openssl. For all of the details on usage and implementation, you can find the manpages which are automatically generated from the source code at the official OpenSSL project home. Likewise, the source code itself may be found on the OpenSSL project home page, as well as on the OpenSSL Github. The main OpenSSL site also includes an overview of the command-line utilities, as well as links to all of their respective documentation.

  • 2Basic Tasks
    • 2.5Generating Keys Based on Elliptic Curves
      • 2.5.1Generating the Curve Parameters
  • 3Commands

The entry point for the OpenSSL library is the openssl binary, usually /usr/bin/openssl on Linux. The general syntax for calling openssl is as follows:

Alternatively, you can call openssl without arguments to enter the interactive mode prompt. You may then enter commands directly, exiting with either a quit command or by issuing a termination signal with either Ctrl+C or Ctrl+D. The following is a sample interactive session in which the user invokes the prime command twice before using the quit command to terminate the session.

This section is a brief tutorial on performing the most basic tasks using OpenSSL. For a detailed explanation of the rationale behind the syntax and semantics of the commands shown here, see the section on Commands.

Getting Help[edit]

As mentioned previously, the general syntax of a command is openssl command [ command_options ] [ command_arguments ]. The help command is no different, but it does have its idiosyncrasies. To view the top-level help menu, you can call openssl as follows.

This query will print all of the available commands, like so:

Note the above output was truncated, so only the first four lines of output are shown.

A help menu for each command may be requested in two different ways. First, the same command used above may be repeated, followed by the name of the command to print help for.

The program will then display the valid options for the given command.

The second way of requesting the help menu for a particular command is by using the first option in the output shown above, namely openssl command -help. Both commands will yield the same output; the help menu displayed will be exactly the same.

For additional information on the usage of a particular command, the project manpages are a great source of information. Another excellent source of information is the project perldocs. perldoc is a utility included with most if not all Perl distributions, and it's capable of displaying documentation information in a variety of formats, one of which is as manpages. Not surprisingly, the project documentation is generated from the pod files located in the doc directory of the source code.

Getting Library Version Information[edit]

As mentioned above, the version command's help menu may be queried for additional options like so:

Using the -a option to show all version information yields the following output on my current machine:

Generating an RSA Private Key[edit]

Generating a private key can be done in a variety of different ways depending on the type of key, algorithm, bits, and other options your specific use case may require. In this example, we are generating a private key using RSA and a key size of 2048 bits.

To generate a password protected private key, the previous command may be slightly amended as follows:

The addition of the -aes256 option specifies the cipher to use to encrypt the private key file. For a list of available ciphers in the library, you can run the following command:

With your private key in hand, you can use the following command to see the key's details, such as its modulus and its constituent primes. Remember to change the name of the input file to the file name of your private key.

The above command yields the following output in my specific case. Your output will differ but should be structurally similar.

Keep in mind the above key was generated solely for pedagogical purposes; never give anyone access to your private keys.

Generating a Public Key[edit]

Having previously generated your private key, you may generate the corresponding public key using the following command.

You may once again view the key details, using a slightly different command this time.

The output for the public key will be shorter, as it carries much less information, and it will look something like this.

For more information on generating keys, see the source code documentation, located in the doc/HOWTO/keys.txt file.

Generating Keys Based on Elliptic Curves[edit]

There are essentially two steps to generating a key:

  1. Generate the parameters for the specific curve you are using
  2. Use those parameters to generate the key

To see the list of curves instrinsically supported by openssl, you can use the -list_curves</t> option when calling the <tt>ecparam command.

For this example I will use the prime256v1 curve, which is an X9.62/SECG curve over a 256 bit prime field.

Generating the Curve Parameters[edit]

Having selected our curve, we now call ecparam to generate our parameters file.

Printing Parameters to Standard Out[edit]

You can print the generated curve parameters to the terminal output with the following command:

Printing Parameters as C Code[edit]

Openssl Generate Encrypted Private Key Code

Analogously, you may also output the generated curve parameters as C code. The parameters can then be loaded by calling the get_ec_group_XXX() function. To print the C code to the current terminal's output, the following command may be used:

And here are the first few lines of the corresponding output:

Generating the Key[edit]

With the curve parameters in hand, we are now free to generate the key. Just as with the [#Generating an RSA Private Key RSA] example above, we may optionally specify a cipher algorithm with which to encrypt the private key. The call to generate the key using the elliptic curve parameters generated in the example above looks like this:

Putting it All Together[edit]

Openssl Generate Encrypted Private Key List

The process of generation a curve based on elliptic-curves can be streamlined by calling the genpkey command directly and specifying both the algorithm and the name of the curve to use for parameter generation. In it's simplest form, the command to generate a key based on the same curve as in the example above looks like this:

This command will result in the generated key being printed to the terminal's output.

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Remember that you can specify a cipher algorithm to encrypt the key with, which something you may or may not want to do, depending on your specific use case. Here is a slightly more complete example showing a key generated with a password and written to a specific output file.

Just as with the previous example, you can use the pkey command to inspect your newly-generated key.

For more details on elliptic curve cryptography or key generation, check out the manpages.

Base64 Encoding Strings[edit]

For simple string encoding, you can use 'here string' syntax with the base64 command as below. Intuitively, the -e flag specifies the action to be encoding.

Similarly, the base64 command's -d flag may be used to indicate decoding mode.

Generating a File Hash[edit]

One of the most basic uses of the dgst command (short for digest) is viewing the hash of a given file. To do this, simply invoke the command with the specified digest algorithm to use. For this example, I will be hashing an arbitrary file on my system using the MD5, SHA1, and SHA384 algorithms.

For a list of the available digest algorithms, you can use the following command.

You can also use a similar command to see the available digest commands:

Below are three sample invocations of the md5, sha1, and sha384 digest commands using the same file as the dgst command invocation above.

Openssl Generate Encrypted Private Key West

File Encryption and Decryption[edit]

The following example demonstrates a simple file encryption and decryption using the enc command. The first argument is the cipher algorithm to use for encrypting the file. For this example I carefully selected the AES-256 algorithm in CBC Mode by looking up the available ciphers and picking out the first one I saw. To see the list of available ciphers, you can use the following command.

You can also use the following command:

Having selected an encryption algorithm, you must then specify whether the action you are taking is either encryption or decryption via the -e or -d flags, respectively. The -iter flag specifies the number of iterations on the password used for deriving the encryption key. A higher iteration count increases the time required to brute-force the resulting file. Using this option implies enabling use of the Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2, usually set using the -pbkdf2 flag. We then use the -salt flag to enable the use of a randomly generated salt in the key-derivation function.

Putting it all together, you can see the command to encrypt a file and the corresponding output below. Note that the passwords entered by the user are blank, just as they would usually be in a terminal session.

The analogous decryption command is as follows:

There are three different kinds of commands. These are standard commands, cipher commands, and digest commands. Calling the OpenSSL top-level help command with no arguments will result in openssl printing all available commands by group, sorted alphabetically.

Openssl Generate A Private Key

Standard Commands[edit]

Overview of OpenSSL's command line utilities
Command Description
asn1parse Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
ca Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
ciphers Cipher Suite Description Determination.
cms CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
crl Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
crl2pkcs7 CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
dgst Message Digest calculation. MAC calculations are superseded by mac(1).
dhparam Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).
dsa DSA Data Management.
dsaparam DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).
ec EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
ecparam EC parameter manipulation and generation.
enc Encoding with Ciphers.
engine Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
errstr Error Number to Error String Conversion.
gendsa Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by genpkey(1) and pkey(1).
genpkey Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
genrsa Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by genpkey(1).
info Display diverse information built into the OpenSSL libraries.
kdf Key Derivation Functions.
mac Message Authentication Code Calculation.
nseq Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
ocsp Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
passwd Generation of hashed passwords.
pkcs12 PKCS#12 Data Management.
pkcs7 PKCS#7 Data Management.
pkcs8 PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
pkey Public and private key management.
pkeyparam Public key algorithm parameter management.
pkeyutl Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
prime Compute prime numbers.
rand Generate pseudo-random bytes.
rehash Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
req PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
rsa RSA key management.
rsautl RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by pkeyutl(1).
s_client This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS.
s_server This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS.
s_time SSL Connection Timer.
sess_id SSL Session Data Management.
smime S/MIME mail processing.
speed Algorithm Speed Measurement.
spkac SPKAC printing and generating utility.
srp Maintain SRP password file.
storeutl Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
ts Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
verify X.509 Certificate Verification.
version OpenSSL Version Information.
x509 X.509 Certificate Data Management.

Openssl Generate Encrypted Private Key Password

  • Paul Heinlein. 'OpenSSL Command-Line HOWTO'. Has many quick cookbook-style recipes for doing common tasks using the 'oppenssl' command-line application.

Encrypted Private Key Openssl

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