Doing so will deauthorize any clients using that key. Reduced privilege Tokenization keys authorize only a subset of Braintree's client API capabilities. The SDK should function as with a client token, with some limitations: When using a tokenization key, clients may only tokenize payment information. Clients enjoy the added security layer when accessing their trading accounts online. The client’s unique security device (soft token), generates a one-time password (OTP) which will be requested upon each trading platform login. What is the purpose of 2FA? The key objectives of 2FA are to protect the client’s online trading account. Rather, a clientassertion is used, which is a JWT token. Here is sample code for the token request. Client.pfx is the certificate bundle generated from the steps above in the question. May 25, 2018  The CLIENT AUTHENTICATION field is set to PRIVATE KEY JWT (optionally, replay prevention can be enabled to avoid that a client can reuse the same token to authenticate twice) and the JWKS URL is set to the address of the JWKS associated to the TPP client in the Open Banking directory.

Validate the authorization grant code with Apple to obtain tokens or validate an existing refresh token.

URL

HTTP Body

The list of input parameters required for validating the authorization code or refresh token.

Parts

string
(Required)

(Authorization and Validation) The application identifier for your app.

string
(Required)

(Authorization and Validation) A secret generated as a JSON Web Token that uses the secret key generated by the WWDR portal.

string

(Authorization) The authorization code received from your application’s user agent. The code is single use only and valid for five minutes.

string
(Required)

(Authorization and Validation) The grant type that determines how the client interacts with the server. For authorization code validation, use authorization_code. For refresh token validation requests, use refresh_token.

string

(Validation) The refresh token received during the authorization request.

string

(Authorization) The destination URI the code was originally sent to. It must include a domain name, and can’t be an IP address or localhost.

Response Codes

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Discussion

The validation server returns a TokenResponse object on a successful validation. When using this endpoint for authorizing the user, use the following parameters: client_id, client_secret, grant_type, code, and redirect_uri. When using this endpoint for validating the refresh token, use the following parameters: client_id, client_secret, grant_type, and refresh_token.

Creating the Client Secret

The client_secret is a JSON object that contains a header and payload. The header contains:

alg

The algorithm used to sign the token.

kid

A 10-character key identifier obtained from your developer account.

In the claims payload of the token, include:

iss

The issuer registered claim key, which has the value of your 10-character Team ID, obtained from your developer account.

iat

The issued at registered claim key, the value of which indicates the time at which the token was generated, in terms of the number of seconds since Epoch, in UTC.

exp

The expiration time registered claim key, the value of which must not be greater than 15777000 (6 months in seconds) from the Current Unix Time on the server.

aud

The audience registered claim key, the value of which identifies the recipient the JWT is intended for. Since this token is meant for Apple, use https://appleid.apple.com.

sub

The subject registered claim key, the value of which identifies the principal that is the subject of the JWT. Use the same value as client_id as this token is meant for your application.

After creating the token, sign it using the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) with the P-256 curve and the SHA-256 hash algorithm. Specify the value ES256 in the algorithm header key. Specify the key identifier in the kid attribute.

A decoded client_secret JWT token has the following format:

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This topic describes tasks and procedures that you can perform to ensure that your AD FS token signing and token decryption certificates are up to date.

Token signing certificates are standard X509 certificates that are used to securely sign all tokens that the federation server issues. Token decryption certificates are standard X509 certificates that are used to decrypt any incoming tokens. They are also published in federation metadata.

For additional information see Certificate Requirements

Determine whether AD FS renews the certificates automatically

By default, AD FS is configured to generate token signing and token decryption certificates automatically, both at the initial configuration time and when the certificates are approaching their expiration date.

Token

You can run the following Windows PowerShell command: Get-AdfsProperties.

The AutoCertificateRollover property describes whether AD FS is configured to renew token signing and token decrypting certificates automatically.

If AutoCertificateRollover is set to TRUE, the AD FS certificates will be renewed and configured in AD FS automatically. Once the new certificate is configured, in order to avoid an outage, you must ensure that each federation partner (represented in your AD FS farm by either relying party trusts or claims provider trusts) is updated with this new certificate.

If AD FS is not configured to renew token signing and token decrypting certificates automatically (if AutoCertificateRollover is set to False), AD FS will not automatically generate or start using new token signing or token decrypting certificates. You will have to perform these tasks manually.

If AD FS is configured to renew token signing and token decrypting certificates automatically (AutoCertificateRollover is set to TRUE), you can determine when they will be renewed:

CertificateGenerationThreshold describes how many days in advance of the certificate's Not After date a new certificate will be generated.

CertificatePromotionThreshold determines how many days after the new certificate is generated that it will be promoted to be the primary certificate (in other words, AD FS will start using it to sign tokens it issues and decrypt tokens from identity providers).

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If AD FS is configured to renew token signing and token decrypting certificates automatically (AutoCertificateRollover is set to TRUE), you can determine when they will be renewed:

  • CertificateGenerationThreshold describes how many days in advance of the certificate's Not After date a new certificate will be generated.
  • CertificatePromotionThreshold determines how many days after the new certificate is generated that it will be promoted to be the primary certificate (in other words, AD FS will start using it to sign tokens it issues and decrypt tokens from identity providers).

Determine when the current certificates expire

You can use the following procedure to identify the primary token signing and token decrypting certificates and to determine when the current certificates expire.

You can run the following Windows PowerShell command: Get-AdfsCertificate –CertificateType token-signing (or Get-AdfsCertificate –CertificateType token-decrypting). Or you can examine the current certificates in the MMC: Service->Certificates.

The certificate for which the IsPrimary value is set to True is the certificate that AD FS is currently using.

The date shown for the Not After is the date by which a new primary token signing or decrypting certificate must be configured.

To ensure service continuity, all federation partners (represented in your AD FS farm by either relying party trusts or claims provider trusts) must consume the new token signing and token decryption certificates prior to this expiration. We recommend that you begin planning for this process at least 60 days in advance.

Generating a new self-signed certificate manually prior to the end of the grace period

You can use the following steps to generate a new self-signed certificate manually prior to the end of the grace period.

  1. Ensure that you are logged on to the primary AD FS server.
  2. Open Windows PowerShell and run the following command: Add-PSSnapin 'microsoft.adfs.powershell'
  3. Optionally, you can check the current signing certificates in AD FS. To do so, run the following command: Get-ADFSCertificate –CertificateType token-signing. Look at the command output to see the Not After dates of any certificates listed.
  4. To generate a new certificate, execute the following command to renew and update the certificates on the AD FS server: Update-ADFSCertificate –CertificateType token-signing.
  5. Verify the update by running the following command again: Get-ADFSCertificate –CertificateType token-signing
  6. Two certificates should be listed now, one of which has a Not After date of approximately one year in the future and for which the IsPrimary value is False.

Important

To avoid a service outage, update the certificate information on Azure AD by running the steps in the How to update Azure AD with a valid token-signing certificate.

If you're not using self-signed certificates…

If you are not using the default automatically generated, self-signed token signing and token decryption certificates, you must renew and configure these certificates manually.

First, you must obtain a new certificate from your certificate authority and import it into the local machine personal certificate store on each federation server. For instructions, see the Import a Certificate article.

Then you must configure this certificate as the secondary AD FS token signing or decryption certificate. (You configure it as a secondary certificate to allow your federation partners enough time to consume this new certificate before you promote it to the primary certificate).

To configure a new certificate as a secondary certificate

  1. Open PowerShell and run the following: Set-ADFSProperties -AutoCertificateRollover $false
  2. Once you have imported the certificate. Open the AD FS Management console.
  3. Expand Service and then select Certificates.
  4. In the Actions pane, click Add Token-Signing Certificate.
  5. Select the new certificate from the list of displayed certificates, and then click OK.
  6. Open PowerShell and run the following: Set-ADFSProperties -AutoCertificateRollover $true

Warning

Ensure the new certificate has a private key associated with it and that the AD FS service account is granted Read permissions to the private key. Verify this on each federation server. To do so, in the Certificates snap-in, right-click the new certificate, click All Tasks, and then click Manage Private Keys.

Once you've allowed enough time for your federation partners to consume your new certificate (either they pull your federation metadata or you send them the public key of your new certificate), you must promote the secondary certificate to primary certificate.

To promote the new certificate from secondary to primary

  1. Open the AD FS Management console.
  2. Expand Service and then select Certificates.
  3. Click the secondary token signing certificate.
  4. In the Actions pane, click Set As Primary. Click Yes at the confirmation prompt.

Updating federation partners

Partners who can consume Federation Metadata

If you have renewed and configure a new token signing or token decryption certificate, you must make sure that the all your federation partners (resource organization or account organization partners that are represented in your AD FS by relying party trusts and claims provider trusts) have picked up the new certificates.

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Partners who can NOT consume Federation Metadata

If your federation partners cannot consume your federation metadata, you must manually send them the public key of your new token-signing / token-decrypting certificate. Send your new certificate public key (.cer file or .p7b if you wish to include the entire chain) to all of your resource organization or account organization partners (represented in your AD FS by relying party trusts and claims provider trusts). Have the partners implement changes on their side to trust the new certificates.

Promote to primary (if AutoCertificateRollover is False)

If AutoCertificateRollover is set to False, AD FS will not automatically generate or start using new token signing or token decrypting certificates. You will have to perform these tasks manually.After allowing a sufficient period of time for all of your federation partners to consume the new secondary certificate, promote this secondary certificate to primary (in the MMC snap-in, click the secondary token signing certificate and in the Actions pane, click Set As Primary.)

Create ssh key using git bash. @GregB Don't fall down into paranoia!: Sure, that using password-protected keys is much more secure, than using password-less, but claiming that password-less key is as easy to break as storing passwords in a text file is an obvious false. For the sake of the conversation, which has deviated from the original question, SSH keys are certainly more cryptographically secure than passwords, but that security is put at risk by not encrypting your SSH keys. Which makes using SSH keys pointless in this situation.–Dec 12 '13 at 8:33. I've seen many guides, that encourage users to use password-protected keys, but I have never seen any claiming, that using them without passwords is not secure at all. Plus: some systems doesn't support solutions for remembering key's password, entered by users, and asks for it, each time key is used.

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Updating Azure AD

AD FS provides single sign-on access to Microsoft cloud services such as Office 365 by authenticating users via their existing AD DS credentials. For additional information on using certificates see Renew federation certificates for Office 365 and Azure AD.